I don't have any data or proof but from my experience it'll take a couple days before they wear it more often. I gave Apollo an outfit the first or second day I was able to and it wasn't two weeks later today that he started wearing it. And I gave him wrapped fruit whenever possible.
^ to add to that, it seems that villagers prefer their favourite style over their favourite colour while choosing outfits c:
i use this tool to check out what my villagers like. you can go to the "villager gifts" tab, then turn on "show several clothing suggestions," and it'll spit out a pretty extensive list o: